{"id":567,"date":"2020-12-09T13:52:35","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T19:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/?p=567"},"modified":"2021-03-17T18:52:29","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T23:52:29","slug":"remembering-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-by-amanda-teske","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/2020\/12\/09\/remembering-the-life-of-ruth-bader-ginsburg-by-amanda-teske\/","title":{"rendered":"Remembering the Life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg by Amanda Teske"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

In the wake of Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s death earlier this fall, it is important to reflect back on her legal journey towards equality, which led to her being named the second woman on the Supreme Court. Aside from being a legal giant, the \u201cNotorious R.B.G.\u201d was a cultural and feminist icon who lived an extraordinary life until the end.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"\"

Amanda Teske<\/strong> is a 3L at Mitchell Hamline and the Managing Editor of the Journal of Public Policy and Practice Volume 42.<\/p><\/div>\n

The loss of legal legend Ruth Bader Ginsburg greatly impacted the world earlier this fall. She passed away on September 17, 2020 at the age of 87 from complications from metastatic cancer of the pancreas. \u00a0A statement released from her family said she passed in her Washington, D.C. home surrounded by family.[1]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg became a legal, cultural, and feminist icon throughout her work towards gender equality and in her tenure as the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court. \u00a0Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1933 as Joan Ruth Bader.[2]<\/a> Even at a young age, Ginsburg was drawn to academics. Her mother encouraged her to excel in her studies \u2013 a concept not most young women in her time were encouraged to do.[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cMy mother told me two things constantly,\u201d recalled Ginsburg.[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cOne was to be a lady, and the other was to be independent.\u201d[5]<\/a> \u00a0Sadly, Ginsburg\u2019s mother was diagnosed with cancer and died the day before her graduation from James Madison High School.[6]<\/a> \u00a0Her academic success continued in her studies at Cornell University, where she graduated at the top of her class in 1954.[7]<\/a> \u00a0It was at this institution that Ginsburg met her husband Martin (\u201cMarty\u201d) Ginsburg.[8]<\/a> \u00a0They married the same year they both graduated from Cornell.[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cWhat made Marty so overwhelmingly attractive to me,\u201d Ginsburg remembered, \u201cwas that he cared that I had a brain.\u201d[10]<\/a> \u00a0The Ginsburg\u2019s had their first child in 1955, and shortly thereafter the two enrolled at Harvard Law School.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

At Harvard Law, on top of raising her first child, Ginsburg was tasked with caring for her sick husband who had been diagnosed with testicular cancer during her first year of law school. \u00a0This \u201cleft Ruth with a 3-year-old child, a fairly sick husband, the law review, classes to attend and feeding me,\u201d Marty Ginsburg stated in a 1993 interview with NPR.[12]<\/a> \u00a0In addition to keeping up with her studies, Ginsburg also took notes for her husband and made sure he was up to date in school. \u00a0Ginsburg was at the top of her class, and was one of only nine women in her five hundred-person law school class.[13]<\/a> \u00a0She was also the first woman on the Harvard Law Review.[14]<\/a> \u00a0In a story \u201cthat\u2019s become part of Ginsburg\u2019s legend,\u201d Harvard\u2019s then-dean asked the nine women at a dinner party how they justified taking a place that should have gone to a man.[15]<\/a> \u00a0There were other instances of gender inequality similar to this that Ginsburg endured at Harvard. \u00a0At one of her 1993 Senate confirmation hearings, she recounted a time when she was a student at Harvard Law and was turned away from the Law library because at the time, it did not allow women inside.[16]<\/a> \u00a0Before her third year at Harvard began, she transferred to Columbia Law School to be closer to her husband, who had just graduated and had accepted a position at a law firm in New York City.[17]<\/a> \u00a0There, she graduated first in her class in 1959.[18]<\/a> \u00a0She also served on the law review at Columbia Law School.<\/p>\n

Despite her excellent academic record, Ginsburg found it extremely hard to find work after graduation. \u00a0She, like many other working women at the time, faced gender discrimination in the workplace. \u00a0She had difficulties until a favorite Columbia law professor \u201crefused to recommend any other graduates before U.S. District Judge Edmund L. Palmieri hired Ginsburg as a clerk.\u201d[19]<\/a> \u00a0She was given the job, and clerked for him for two years rather than the normal one-year clerkship.[20]<\/a> \u00a0After clerking, she was offered positions but always for less pay than her male counterparts.<\/p>\n

In 1963, she accepted a position as a professor at Rutgers University.[21]<\/a> \u00a0She held this position until 1972, when she took a position to teach at Columbia. \u00a0She became the first female professor at Columbia to earn tenure.[22]<\/a> \u00a0It was also during this time period that Ginsburg directed the Women\u2019s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union. \u00a0The ACLU Women\u2019s Rights Project worked to empower poor women, women of color and immigrant women who had been subjected to gender bias through litigation, community outreach, advocacy, and public education.[23]<\/a> \u00a0In this position, she \u201cled the fight against gender discrimination\u201d and successfully argued various landmark cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

In Frontiero v.<\/em> Richardson[25]<\/a>, a woman in the U.S. Air Force applied for benefits for her dependent husband. \u00a0The relevant statutes provided \u201cthat spouses of male members of the uniformed services are dependents\u2026but that spouses of female members are not dependents unless they are in fact dependent for over one-half of their support\u201d[26]<\/a> \u00a0Her application was denied, and she and her husband brought suit. \u00a0Ginsburg used the statute at issue to show that gender-discrimination hurt men as well as women. \u00a0\u201cWhy,\u201d she asked during oral arguments, \u201cdid the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment regard racial discrimination as odious? \u00a0Because a person\u2019s skin color bears no necessary relationship to ability. \u00a0Similarly\u2026a person\u2019s sex bears no necessary relationship to ability.\u201d[27]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg concluded her oral argument with a quote from notable abolitionist Sara Grimke who, Ginsburg noted, \u201cspoke not elegantly, but with unmistakable clarity.\u201d \u00a0\u201cShe said, \u2018I ask no favor for my sex. All I ask of our brethren is that they take their feet off our necks.\u201d[28]<\/a> \u00a0The Supreme Court held that the federal law requiring different qualification for criteria for male and female military spousal dependency unconstitutionally discriminated against women and thereby violated the Fifth Amendment\u2019s Due Process Clause.[29]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg co-counseled with Brenda Feigen, who stated \u201c[she had] never heard an oral argument as unbelievably cogent as [Ginsburg\u2019s].[30]<\/a> \u00a0She \u201cspoke from memory, citing cases and speaking about women\u2019s history without ever turning to her notes or checking any citations.\u201d \u00a0Feigen recounts that during Ginsburg\u2019s argument, \u201cnot a single Justice asked a single question; [she thinks] they were mesmerized by her.\u201d[31]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg remembered the experience a bit differently. She \u201cwas terribly nervous\u201d and \u201cdidn\u2019t eat lunch for fear that [she] might throw up.\u201d[32]<\/a> \u00a0But, \u201ctwo minutes into [her] argument, the fear dissolved\u201d because she realized \u201cthat here before [her] were the nine leading jurists of America, a captive audience.\u201d[33]<\/a> \u00a0From that realization, she \u201cfelt a surge of power that carried [her] through.\u201d[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

In 1975, Ginsburg successfully argued Weinburg v.<\/em> Wiesenfeld[35]<\/a>, a case regarding a provision in the Social Security Act that denied widowed fathers benefits that were awarded to widowed mothers. \u00a0Ginsburg argued that \u201cthe classification discriminated against working women, whose social security taxes garnered fewer family benefits than the taxes paid for working men.\u201d[36]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg also argued that this law discriminated against men and denied them the same opportunity as women to care for their children.[37]<\/a> \u00a0The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Ginsburg\u2019s favor. \u00a0The opinion delivered by Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. stated that \u201cthe purpose of the social security benefits for the surviving spouse and children is to enable the surviving spouse to properly care for the children, regardless of the gender of the parent. \u00a0Gender-based discrimination regarding these benefits is therefore both illogical and counter-productive.\u201d[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ginsburg used strategy in order to \u201cpersuade male, establishment-oriented judges\u201d by choosing male plaintiffs because this demonstrated that gender discrimination against women can harm men.[39]<\/a> \u00a0She explained in an NPR interview \u201cthe legal theory that she eventually sold to the Supreme Court.\u201d[40]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cThe words of the Fourteenth Amendment\u2019s equal protection clause \u2013 \u2018nor shall any state deny to any person the equal protection of the laws.\u2019\u201d[41]<\/a> \u00a0The phrase \u201c\u2018any person\u2019 covers women as well as men. And the Supreme Court woke up to that reality.\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

Staff at the ACLU were made up of many women Ginsburg taught or worked with at Columbia. \u00a0Margaret Moses, who came to work at the ACLU\u2019s Women\u2019s Rights Project as an attorney in 1978, taught a gender discrimination class at Columbia with Ginsburg. \u00a0For the last class in the fall of 1979, Moses and Ginsburg\u2019s husbands cooked dinner for the class while the two women taught the class. \u00a0\u201cIt was a nice way to end a gender discrimination seminar.\u201d \u00a0Moses reminisced.[43]<\/a> \u00a0Isabella Katz Pinzler, who worked at the ACLU\u2019s Women\u2019s Rights Project from 1978-1994, remembers being intimidated by Ginsburg at first. \u00a0Apparently, staff would hand Ginsburg briefs labeled \u201crough draft\u201d because though it was thoroughly edited, it would be returned to them with \u201ca sea of red.\u201d[44]<\/a> \u00a0Jill Goodman, another staff member who worked with Ginsburg described her as \u201ca different species.\u201d[45]<\/a> \u00a0She taught them to write \u201ccrisp sentences\u201d and to get to the heart of a matter.[46]<\/a> \u00a0She had \u201can aura about her, of intelligence and care \u2013 care about the law, and the craft of lawyering, and the trajectory of the law.\u201d[47]<\/a><\/p>\n

In 1980, Ginsburg was appointed as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, ending her tenure as an ACLU litigator.[48]<\/a> \u00a0She left behind an organization that continues to fiercely fight for gender equality to this day. \u00a0Thirteen years later, President Bill Clinton nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. \u00a0She took her seat August 10, 1993, and was the second woman appointed to the position.[49]<\/a> \u00a0Though Ginsburg was not first on President Clinton\u2019s list of nominees, Marty was \u201clobbying hard for his wife\u201d in the background.[50]<\/a> \u00a0She was invited to a meeting with President Clinton, who \u201cfell for her \u2013 hook, line, and sinker.\u201d[51]<\/a> \u00a0The Senate did as well, and confirmed her by a vote 96-3.[52]<\/a> \u00a0The cautionary phrase \u201cnever judge a book by its cover\u201d held true for Ginsburg. \u00a0Though she looked \u201ctiny and frail\u201d in stature and wore large glasses, she was a force to be reckoned with.[53]<\/a> \u00a0After her appointment to the bench, she drew a \u201ccult-like following among young people\u201d and has been nicknamed The Notorious R.B.G. \u2013 a play on the American rapper The Notorious B.I.G.[54]<\/a><\/p>\n

In 1996, only three years on the bench, Ginsburg wrote the majority opinion in United States v. Virginia<\/em>[55]<\/a>, a case challenging the all-male admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute.[56]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg wrote that \u201cgeneralizations about \u2018the way women are,\u2019 estimates of what is appropriate for most women, no longer justify denying opportunity to women whose talent and capacity place them outside the average description.\u201d[57]<\/a> \u00a0The admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was thereby changed \u2013 and the school continues to teach both men and women today.<\/p>\n

The court\u2019s changing dynamic forced Ginsburg to \u201cdissent more often and more assertively\u201d.[58]<\/a> \u00a0She was nicknamed \u201cThe Great Dissenter\u201d for her growing number of scathing dissents. \u00a0The court \u201cveered to the right\u201d after Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor retired.[59]<\/a> \u00a0In Ledbetter v. Goodyear<\/em>[60]<\/a>, Ginsburg called on Congress in her dissent to enact legislation that would \u201coverride a court decision that drastically limited back pay available for victims of employment discrimination.\u201d[61]<\/a> \u00a0The outcome was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which was the first bill passed when President Barack Obama took office.[62]<\/a> \u00a0A copy of the bill would be framed in Ginsburg\u2019s chambers until her death in 2020, and in her eyes, deemed to be one of her proudest achievements.[63]<\/a> She delivered a scathing dissent against an all-male, 5-4 majority, \u201caccusing the eight male justices of being indifferent to the gender pay gap.\u201d[64]<\/a><\/p>\n

In 2013, she wrote the dissenting opinion for Shelby County v. Holder<\/em>[65]<\/a>, writing that Congress has power to enforce the Constitution\u2019s amendments.[66]<\/a> \u00a0This power, she argued, authorized a provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that required states with a history of racial discrimination in voting to get federal approval (or preclearance) before making changes to voting rules.[67]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg famously stated that \u201cthrowing out preclearance when it has worked and is continuing to work to stop discriminatory changes is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet.\u201d[68]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ginsburg once wrote in a 2016 opinion piece in The New York Times<\/em> that \u201cWhen a justice is of the firm view that the majority got it wrong, she is free to say so in dissent.\u201d[69]<\/a> \u00a0In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in Burwell v. Hobby<\/em> Lobby[70]<\/a> that certain for-profit companies cannot be required by the government to pay for specific types of contraceptives, such as methods of birth control for its employees.[71]<\/a> \u00a0Ginsburg wrote in her dissent that the court \u201cha[d] ventured into a minefield,\u201d[72]<\/a> and that those employees who do not share their employer\u2019s Christian values will be disadvantaged.[73]<\/a> \u00a0Throughout her tenure on the Supreme Court, she became a voice for progressive causes again and again.[74]<\/a><\/p>\n

Though Ginsburg leaned left, she found an unlikely friendship between herself and conservative icon Antonin Scalia.[75]<\/a> \u00a0They both shared love for the law, teaching, travel, music, and the opera.[76]<\/a> \u00a0The two appeared together as extras in the Washington National Opera\u2019s opening night production of Ariadne auf Naxos<\/em>.[77]<\/a> \u00a0The two even became subjects of their own comedic opera inspired by their legal opinions, named \u201cScalia\/Ginsburg.\u201d[78]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cIt opens with Scalia\u2019s rage aria,\u201d which is an operatic aria expressing the rage of the character performing it, Ginsburg recounted.[79]<\/a> \u00a0\u201cHe sings, \u2018The justices are blind, how can they possibly spout this? The Constitution says absolutely nothing about this!\u201d to which Ginsburg \u201cresponded that the Constitution, like society, \u2018can evolve.\u2019\u201d[80]<\/a> \u00a0The two also overlapped positions at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. \u00a0\u201cFrom our years together at the D.C. Circuit, we were best buddies,\u201d Ginsburg stated following Scalia\u2019s death in 2016.[81]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ginsburg\u2019s passion and bluntness has landed her in deep water. \u00a0During the 2016 election, Ginsburg made disparaging comments about Donald Trump, which she later apologized for.[82]<\/a> \u00a0She also received criticism by some for not retiring during Obama\u2019s presidency, so he could appoint a new justice and so it was not left in the hands of the next president.[83]<\/a> \u00a0Throughout her tenure on the Supreme Court, Ginsburg continued to show the American people true grit and tenacity. \u00a0Ginsburg also kept up a very strict and impressive work out regime until her death. \u00a0She worked with the same trainer, Bryant Johnson, from 1999 until her death. At her funeral service, Johnson paid his respects by dropping in front of Ginsburg\u2019s casket and performing three push-ups.[84]<\/a><\/p>\n

She had several bouts of cancer throughout her life, and underwent various major surgeries and chemotherapy.[85]<\/a> \u00a0She was always back on the bench shortly after to return to her duties. \u00a0In 2009, Ginsburg showed up for the State of the Union address only three weeks after major cancer surgery. \u00a0It was her husband Marty, she told NPR, who told her she could do it even when she thought she could not.[86]<\/a> \u00a0In 2010, she endured one of life\u2019s worst heartbreaks: the death of her husband. \u00a0She lost her husband of 56 years to cancer. \u00a0In an NPR interview, she recounts when she was packing up his things at the hospital to bring him home so he could pass there. \u00a0She found a note he had written to her. \u201cMy dearest Ruth,\u201d it began, \u201cYou are the only person I have ever loved. \u00a0I have admired and loved you almost since the day we first met at Cornell. \u2026 I will not love you a jot less.\u201d[87]<\/a> \u00a0He died shortly thereafter. \u00a0The next day she was on the bench, stating \u201cMarty would have wanted it.\u201d<\/p>\n

The death of legal legend Ruth Bader Ginsburg impacted many people, and left the world mourning her loss. \u00a0Ginsburg embodied admirable traits that resonated with many across the aisle. \u00a0True strength, courage, and resilience to advocate for core values and to be the voice for those who may not have one. \u00a0Ginsburg showed us continuously that displaying empathy is not a weakness, but rather a strength that lives within each person. \u00a0Equality to all is a human right, not a privilege, and despite differing opinions in ideas with others, meaningful friendships can be found. \u00a0Though there is still work to be done, Ginsburg ignited a movement towards equality that continues to burn brightly today.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020), https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ruth Bader Ginsburg<\/em>, Oyez, https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/justices\/ruth_bader_ginsburg (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff<\/em>, ACLU, https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020), https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> FAQs: The ACLU Women\u2019s Rights Project and Women\u2019s History Month<\/em>, ACLU, https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/faqs-aclu-womens-rights-project-and-womens-history-month#:~:text=The%20ACLU’s%20Women’s%20Rights%20Project,face%20pervasive%20barriers%20to%20equality%20. (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Ruth Bader Ginsburg<\/em>, Oyez, https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/justices\/ruth_bader_ginsburg (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973)<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Id.<\/em> at 677.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Frontiero v. Richardson<\/em>, Oyez, https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1972\/71-1694 (last visited Nov. 4, 2020).<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677, 690-91 (1973).<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff<\/em>, ACLU, https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> Weinburg v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975).<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff<\/em>, ACLU https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld<\/em>, Oyez, https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1974\/73-1892<\/p>\n

(last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020), https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff<\/em>, ACLU https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> Joan Biskupic, Justice Ruther Bader Ginsburg calls Trump a \u201cfake,\u201d he says she should resign<\/em>, CNN (July 13, 2016) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/12\/politics\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-donald-trump-faker\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996).<\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> Jaime Ehrlich, Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s most notable Supreme Court decisions and dissents<\/em>, CNN (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/18\/politics\/rbg-supreme-court-decisions-dissents\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> Id.<\/em> (citing<\/em> United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996)).<\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> Ledbetter v. Goodyear, 550 U.S. 618 (2007).<\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> Adam Liptak, Justice Ginsburg\u2019s Judicial Legacy of Striking Dissents<\/em>, NY Times, (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/18\/us\/rbg-accomplishments.html.<\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> Jaime Ehrlich, Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s most notable Supreme Court decisions and dissents<\/em>, CNN (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/18\/politics\/rbg-supreme-court-decisions-dissents\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529, 570 (2013).<\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529, 571 (2013).<\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> Id.<\/em> at 590.<\/p>\n

[69]<\/a> Jaime Ehrlich, Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s most notable Supreme Court decisions and dissents<\/em>, CNN (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/18\/politics\/rbg-supreme-court-decisions-dissents\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[70]<\/a> Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, 573 U.S. 682 (2014).<\/p>\n

[71]<\/a> Jaime Ehrlich, Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s most notable Supreme Court decisions and dissents<\/em>, CNN (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/18\/politics\/rbg-supreme-court-decisions-dissents\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[72]<\/a> Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, 573 U.S. 682, 771 (2014).<\/p>\n

[73]<\/a> Id. <\/em>at 765.<\/p>\n

[74]<\/a> Adam Liptak, Justice Ginsburg\u2019s Judicial Legacy of Striking Dissents<\/em>, NY Times, (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/18\/us\/rbg-accomplishments.html.<\/p>\n

[75]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[76]<\/a> Richard Wolf, Opera, travel, food, law: The unlikely friendship of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin Scalia<\/em>, USA Today, (Sept. 20, 2020) https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2020\/09\/20\/supreme-friends-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-antonin-scalia\/5844533002\/.<\/p>\n

[77]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[78]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[79]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[80]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[81]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[82]<\/a> Joan Biskupic, Justice Ruther Bader Ginsburg calls Trump a \u201cfake,\u201d he says she should resign<\/em>, CNN (July 13, 2016) https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/07\/12\/politics\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-donald-trump-faker\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[83]<\/a> Nina Totenberg, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Champion of Gender Equality, Dies at 87<\/em>, NPR (Sept. 18, 2020) https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/09\/18\/100306972\/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87.<\/p>\n

[84]<\/a> Veronica Stracqualursi, Ginsburg\u2019s longtime personal trainer honors the late justice with pushups<\/em>, CNN (Sept. 25, 2020), https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/25\/politics\/ruth-bader-ginsburg-trainer-funeral-service-trnd\/index.html.<\/p>\n

[85]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[86]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[87]<\/a> Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the wake of Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u2019s death earlier this fall, it is important to reflect back on her legal journey towards equality, which led to her being named the second woman on the Supreme Court. Aside from being a legal giant, the \u201cNotorious R.B.G.\u201d was a cultural and feminist icon who lived an extraordinary … <\/p>\n

Remembering the Life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg by Amanda Teske<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1172,"featured_media":570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-567","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-the-quadriga","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1172"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=567"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}