{"id":2994,"date":"2022-11-03T18:11:58","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T18:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/?page_id=2994"},"modified":"2026-04-22T19:05:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T19:05:37","slug":"expanded-table-of-contents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/expanded-table-of-contents\/","title":{"rendered":"Expanded Table of Contents"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"contents-part\">Part I Introduction to Administrative Procedure<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 1. The Development of Administrative Procedure<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: Larry Bakken and Thomas Triplett<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#shepard\">Mark Shepard<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in March 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#gehring\">Matt Gehring<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>1.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#origins\">The Origins of the Minnesota Administrative Procedure Act (APA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#inadequacies\">Perceived Inadequacies in the Administrative Procedure Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#response\">The Response of the Legislature in the Mid-1970s<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#amendments-to-rulemaking-procedures\">Amendments to the Rulemaking Procedures 1975-1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#amendments-to-contested-case-procedures\">Amendments to the Contested Case Procedures<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#core-and-lcrar-reports\">The CORE and LCRAR Reports<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#1995-amendments\">The 1995 Amendments<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#subsequent-changes\">Subsequent Changes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.10 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-1-the-development-of-administrative-procedure\/#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 2. Researching Administrative Law 21<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Susan Kiefer<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised Feburary 2015 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#axton\">Neal Axton<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#agencies\">Agencies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#minnesota-rules\">Minnesota Rules<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>2.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#2-3-1-adoption-and-publication\">Adoption and Publication<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#2-3-2-historical-research\">Historical Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#2-3-3-rulemaking-aids\">Rulemaking Aids<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#federal-regulations\">Federal Regulations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#decisions-and-orders\">Decisions and Orders of Administrative Agencies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#opinions\">Opinions of the Attorney General<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#legislative-research\">Legislative Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-2-researching-administrative-law\/#secondary-sources\">Secondary Sources in Administrative Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"contents-part\">Part II Contested Case Procedure<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 3. Agency Investigations<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: John Breviu<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#belgea\">Lynn Belgea<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#investigations\">Investigations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#general-procedures\">General Procedures<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#specific-procedures\">Specific Procedures<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>3.4.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#3-4-1-inspections\">Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.4.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#3-4-2-other-investigations\">Other Investigations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#agency-subpoenas\">Agency Subpoenas<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#prosecutorial-discretion\">Prosecutorial Discretion and Selective Enforcement<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#combination\">Combination of Investigatory and Adjudicative Functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>3.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-3-agency-investigations\/#classification\">Classification of Investigative Data under Minnesota Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 4. Introduction to Contested Cases and the Office of Administrative Hearings<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: George Beck, Larry Bakken, and Tom Muck<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 and 2023 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pust\">Tammy L. Pust<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>4.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#definition\">Definition of Contested Case<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#right-to-hearing-rule-statute\">Right to a Hearing Arising from Statute or Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#right-to-hearing-rule-due-process\">Right to a Hearing Arising from Due Process<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#what-process-is-due\">What Process Is Due under the Constitution?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#office-of-admin-hearings\">The Office of Administrative Hearings and the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#disqualification-of-alj\">Disqualification of the Administrative Law Judge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#overview-contested-case\">Overview of a Contested Case Proceeding<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>4.7.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-1-initiation-of-a-contested-case\">Initiation of a Contested Case<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-2-prehearing\">Prehearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-3-hearing\">Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-4-alj-recommdened-decision\">The Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Recommended Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-5-filing-exceptions\">Filing of Exceptions to the Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Recommended Decision and the Agency Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.7.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-4-introduction-to-contested-cases-and-the-office-of-administrative-hearings\/#4-7-6-judicial-review\">Judicial Review<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 5. Notice of the Hearing<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: George Beck<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#beck\">George Beck<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>5.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#reasonable-notice\">Reasonable Notice Required<\/a><\/li>\n<li>5.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#contents-of-notice\">Contents of the Notice of and Order for Hearing<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>5.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#5-2-1-time-date-and-place\">Time, Date, and Place of Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>5.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#5-2-2-notice-of-parties-affected\">Notice of Parties Affected and Issues Involved<\/a><\/li>\n<li>5.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#5-2-3-notice-of-statutory-authority\">Notice of Statutory Authority and of the Nature of the Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>5.2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#5-2-4-other-required-notice\">Other Required Notice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-5-notice-of-hearing\/#service-of-notice\">Service of the Notice of and Order for Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 6. Parties<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Jon Lunde<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#orbovich\">Sam Orbovich<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2023 by Sam Orbovich and <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#mcgarraugh\">Pari McGarraugh<\/a> (with assistance from Elijah Rockhold)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>6.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#party-status\">Party Status<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>6.1.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-1-1-indispensable-necessary-proper-parties\">Indispensable, Necessary, and Proper Parties<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.1.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-1-2-nonparty-participation\">Non party Participation and Class Actions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.1.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-1-3-class-actions\">Class Actions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#intervention\">Intervention<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>6.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-1-petition\">Petition<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-2-objections-and-hearing\">Objections and Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-3-adequacy-of-representation\">Adequacy of Existing Representation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-4-intervention-as-right-privilege\">Intervention as a Right or Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-5-time-for-intervention\">Time for Intervention<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-6-who-may-intervene\">Who May Intervene<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-7-scope-of-intervention\">Scope of Intervention<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-8-participation-without-pntervention\">Participation without Intervention<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-9-failure-to-intervene\">Failure to Intervene<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.2.10 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-2-10-appeal\">Appeal from Denial of Intervention<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#consolidation-bifurcation\">Consolidation and Bifurcation<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>6.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-3-1-consolidation\">Consolidation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>6.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-6-parties\/#6-3-2-bifurcation-of-issues\">Bifurcation of Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 7. Prehearing Practice<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Jon Lunde<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pust\">Tammy L. Pust<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#mcsherry\">Michael McSherry<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>7.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#changes-dates\">Change of Location, Date of Hearing, and Continuances<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>7.1.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-1-1-change-location\">Change of Location<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.1.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-1-2-date-and-time\">Date and Time<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.1.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-1-3-continuances\">Continuances<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.1.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-1-4-stays\">Stays<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>7.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#right-to-counsel\">The Right to Counsel or Other Representation<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>7.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-2-1-notice-denial-waiver\">Notice, Denial, and Waiver<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-2-2-representation\">Personal and Non-lawyer Representation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-2-3-attorneys-fees-costs\">Attorneys&#8217; Fees and Costs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>7.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#prehearing\">Prehearing Conferences and Settlement Procedures<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>7.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-3-1-prehearing-conferences\">Prehearing Conferences<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-3-2-settlement-procedures\">Settlement Procedures<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-3-3-settlement-conference\">Settlement Conference<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-3-4-mediation\">Mediation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>7.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#motions-subpoenas\">Motions and Subpoenas<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>7.4.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-4-1-motions\">Motions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.4.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-4-2-subpoenas\">Subpoenas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>7.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#informal-dispositions\">Informal Dispositions, Settlement Agreements, Consent Orders, and Defaults<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>7.5.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-5-1-settlement-agreements-and-consent-orders\">Settlement Agreements and Consent Orders<\/a><\/li>\n<li>7.5.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-7-prehearing-practice\/#7-5-2-defaults\">Defaults<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 8. Discovery<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Bruce Campbell<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pust\">Tammy L. Pust<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>8.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#authority\">Authority to Provide for Discovery<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#requirement\">Requirement of a Contested Case under the Administrative Procedure Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#discovery-matter-right\">Discovery Available as a Matter of Right<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#discovery-discretion-alj\">Discovery Available at the Discretion of the Administrative Law Judge<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>8.5.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#8-5-1-introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.5.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#8-5-2-discretion-of-the-alj\">Discretion of the Administrative Law Judge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.5.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#8-5-3-review-of-discretionary-discovery-ruling\">Review of Discretionary Discovery Ruling<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>8.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#constitutional-right\">Constitutional Right to Discovery<\/a><\/li>\n<li>8.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-8-discovery\/#sanctions\">Sanctions for Failure to Make Discovery<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 9. Discovery Limitations<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Bruce Campbell<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pust\">Tammy L. Pust<\/a> and <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#boos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jean Boos<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>9.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#relevancy\">Relevancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#privilege\">Privilege<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>9.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-1-introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-statutory-privilege\">Statutory Privilege<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>9.3.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-1-marital-privilege\">Marital Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-2-attorney-client-privilege\">Attorney-Client Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-3-clergy\">Clergy<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-4-health-care-professionals\">Health Care Professionals<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(5) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-5-public-officers\">Public Officers<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(6) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-6-interpreters\">Interpreters<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(7) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-7-parent-child-privilege\">Parent-Child Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(8) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-8-sexual-assault-counselor-privilege\">Sexual Assault Counselor Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(9) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-9-mediation-and-alternative-dispute-resolution-privilege\">Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.2(10) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-2-10-news-media\">News Media<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-3-attorney-work-product\">Attorney Work Product<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-limitations-on-discovery-from-governmental-entities\">Limitations on Discovery from Governmental Entities<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>9.3.4(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-1-state-secret-privilege\">State Secret Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-2-agency-deliberative-privilege\">Agency Deliberative Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-3-mental-process-privilege\">Mental Process Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-4-investigatory-files\">Investigatory Files<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4(5) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-5-identity-of-informants\">Identity of Informants<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.3.4(6) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#9-3-4-6-asserting-the-governmental-privilege\">Asserting the Governmental Privilege<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#self-incrimination\">Self-Incrimination<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#discovery-constitutional-questions\">Discovery Related to Constitutional Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#proprietary-data\">Proprietary Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#discovery-public-documents\">Discovery of Public Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#partially-discoverable\">Partially Discoverable Information and Protective Orders<\/a><\/li>\n<li>9.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-9-discovery-limitations\/#privacy-considerations\">Privacy Considerations As Limiting Discovery<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 10. Evidence<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Barry Greller<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#swanson\">Stephen Swanson<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#kalar\">Tara Kalar<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>10.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#rules-evidence\">Rules of Evidence in Administrative Adjudication<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#residiuum-rule\">Residuum Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#burden-standards-proof\">Burden of Proof and Standard of Proof<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>10.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#10-3-1-burden-of-proof\">Burden of Proof<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#10-3-2-standard-of-proof\">Standard of Proof<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>10.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#official-notice\">Official Notice<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#application-exclusionary-rules\">Application of the Exclusionary Rules of Evidence<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#offer-of-proof\">Offer of Proof<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#exclusiveness-of-record\">Exclusiveness of Record<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#written-testimony\">Written Testimony<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#cross-examination\">The Right to Cross-Examination<\/a><\/li>\n<li>10.10 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-10-evidence\/#admissibility\">Admissibility of Illegally Obtained Evidence<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 11. The Contested Case Hearing<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: George Beck and Jon Lunde<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pust\">Tammy L. Pust<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2025 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#schueppert\">Daniel Schueppert<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>11.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#formality\">Level of Formality<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#hearing-procedure\">Hearing Procedure<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>11.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-1-order\">The Order of the Proceeding in General<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-2-public-hearings\">Public Hearings<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>11.2.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-2-1-waiver\">Waiver<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.2.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-2-2-exceptions\">Exceptions and Limitations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.2.2(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-2-3-cameras\">Cameras and Similar Coverage<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11:2.2(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#11-2-2-4-hearing-record\">The Hearing Record<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>11.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#role-of-alj\">Role of the Administrative Law Judge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#authority-of-alj\">Authority of the Administrative Law Judge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>11.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-11-the-contested-case-hearing\/#alj-recommended-decision\">The Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Recommended Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 12. Collateral Estoppel, Res Judicata, Stare Decisis, and the Equitable Defenses<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Andrew Tourville<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#klein\">Allan Klein<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2025 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#rasmussen\">Carly Rasmussen<\/a> and <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#zayed\">Jamal Zayed<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>12.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-12-collateral-estoppel-res-judicata-stare-decisis-and-the-equitable-defenses\/#res-judicata\">Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel<\/a><\/li>\n<li>12.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-12-collateral-estoppel-res-judicata-stare-decisis-and-the-equitable-defenses\/#stare-decisis\">Stare Decisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>12.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-12-collateral-estoppel-res-judicata-stare-decisis-and-the-equitable-defenses\/#equitable-estoppel\">Equitable Estoppel<\/a><\/li>\n<li>12.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-12-collateral-estoppel-res-judicata-stare-decisis-and-the-equitable-defenses\/#laches\">Laches<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 13. The Minnesota Government Data Practices Act and Contested Case Hearings<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Robert Nardi<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#schlatter\">Laura Schlatter<\/a> and <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#christensen\">Stacie Christensen<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2022-23 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#christensen\">Stacie Christensen<\/a> and Chris Cimafranca<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>13.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#who-is-covered\">Who Is Covered by the Data Practices Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#what-data-is-covered\">What Data Is Covered by the Data Practices Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#classification-system\">Classification System<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#access\">Access to Public Government Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#rights-of-individuals\">Rights of Individual Subjects of Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#duties-of-authorities\">Duties of Responsible Authority<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#legal-remedies\">Legal Remedies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#application-to-cases\">Application of the Data Practices Act to Contested Case<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>13.9.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#13-9-1-discoverability\">Discoverability of &#8220;Not Public&#8221; Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.9.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#13-9-2-act-as-discovery-tool\">The Data Practices Act as a Discovery Tool<\/a><\/li>\n<li>13.9.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#13-9-3-use-of-not-public-data\">Use of Not Public Data at a Contested Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>13.10 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-13-the-minnesota-government-data-practices-act-and-contested-case-hearings\/#expedited-complaints\">Expedited Data Practices Complaints<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 14. The Agency Decision<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Tim Muck<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#winget\">Patricia Winget<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>14.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-14-the-agency-decision\/#exceptions\">Exceptions to the Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Report and Argument to the Agency before Final Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li>14.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-14-the-agency-decision\/#agency-review\">Agency Review of the Record before Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li>14.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-14-the-agency-decision\/#agency-decision\">The Agency Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li>14.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-14-the-agency-decision\/#rehearing-and-reconsideration\">Rehearing and Reconsideration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 15. Judicial Review of Contested Cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Doug Skor<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#davis\">Lindsay Davis<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised 2023 by Russell Squire<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>15.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#prerequisites\">Prerequisites to Judicial Review<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>15.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-2-1-finality\">Finality<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-2-2-exhaustion-of-administrative-remedies\">Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-2-3-primary-jurisdiction\">Primary Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-2-4-ripeness\">Ripeness<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.2.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-2-5-standing\">Standing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>15.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#procudures-for-obtaining-review\">Procedures for Obtaining Review<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>15.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-1-review-under-the-apa\">Review under the Administrative Procedure Act<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-2-non-apa-statutory-review-procedures\">Non-APA Statutory Review Procedures<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>15.3.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-2-1-in-the-court-of-appeals\">In the Court of Appeals<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.3.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-2-2-in-the-district-court\">In the District Court<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>15.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-3-extraordinary-writs\">Extraordinary Writs<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>15.3.3(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases#15-3-3-1-certiorari\">Certiorari<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.3.3(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-3-2-mandamus\">Mandamus<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.3.3(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-3-3-prohibition\">Prohibition<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.3.3(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases#15-3-3-4-quo-warranto\">Quo Warranto<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>15.3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-3-4-injunctive-and-declaratory-relief\">Injunctive and Declaratory Relief<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>15.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#scope-of-review\">Scope of Review<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>15.4.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-1-section-1469-generally\">Section 14.69: Generally<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-section-1469-the-six-grounds\">Section 14.69: The Six Grounds for Review of Agency Action<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>15.4.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-1-in-violation-of-constitutional-provisions\">In Violation of Constitutional Provisions<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-2-in-excess-of-agency-authority-or-jurisdiction\">In Excess of Agency Authority or Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-3-made-on-unlawful-procedure\">Made on Unlawful Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-4-affected-by-other-error-of-law\">Affected by Other Error of Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2(5) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-5-unsupported-by-substantial-evidence\">Unsupported by Substantial Evidence<\/a><\/li>\n<li>15.4.2(6) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-15-judicial-review-of-contested-cases\/#15-4-2-6-arbitrary-or-capricious\">Arbitrary or Capricious<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"contents-part\">Part III Rulemaking Procedure 301<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 16. Introduction to Rulemaking<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: Tom Muck, George Beck, and Larry Bakken<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 and 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#schultz\">David Schultz<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>16.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#definition\">Definition of a Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#types-of-rulemaking\">Types of Rulemaking Proceedings<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#types-of-rules\">Types of Rules<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>16.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-3-1-legal-effect\">Legal Effect of Types of Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-3-2-historical-overview\">Historical Overview of Interpretative Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-3-3-retroactivity\">Retroactivity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>16.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#agency-policymaking\">Agency Policymaking as Improper or Illegal Rulemaking<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>16.4.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-1-guidelines-bulletins-policy-statements\">Guidelines, Bulletins, and Policy Statements<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.4.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-2-permissible-interpretation-versus-improper-adoption\">Permissible Interpretation versus Improper Adoption<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>16.4.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-2-1-consistency-as-factor\">Consistency with Adopted Rule or Statute as a Factor<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.4.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-2-2-inconsistency-as-factor\">Inconsistency with Adopted Rule or Statute as a Factor<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.4.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-2-3-need-for-public-input-and-similarity-as-factors\">Need for Public Input and Similarity to other Rule as a Factor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>16.4.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-4-3-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>16.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#rulemaking-by-adjudication\">Rulemaking or Policymaking by Adjudication<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>16.5.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-5-1-introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.5.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-5-2-the-federal-doctrine\">The Federal Doctrine<\/a><\/li>\n<li>16.5.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#16-5-3-the-minnesota-approach\">The Minnesota Approach<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>16.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-16-introduction-to-rulemaking\/#administrative-challenge\">Administrative Challenge to Improper Rulemaking<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 17. The Initial Stages of the Rulemaking Process<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Elizabeth Parker<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#winget\">Patricia Winget<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#todnem\">Suzanne Todnem<\/a> and <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#vogl\">Vanessa M. Vogl<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>17.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#public-participation\">Public Participation in the Early Stages of Rulemaking<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>17.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-2-1-legislative-grant-of-authority\">The Legislative Grant of Rulemaking Authority<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-2-2-petitions\">Petitions to Adopt, Suspend, Amend, or Repeal Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-2-3-informal-consultation\">Informal Consultation with Agency Staff<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-2-4-agency-request-for-comments\">Agency Request for Comment<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.2.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-2-5-advisory-committees\">Advisory Committees<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>17.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#drafting-the-sonar\">Drafting the SONAR<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>17.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-1-statement-of-need-and-reasonableness\">The Statement of Need and Reasonableness<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-regulatory-analysis-required\">Regulatory Analysis to Be Included in the Statement of Need and Reasonableness<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>17.3.2(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-1-classes-of-persons-affected\">Classes of Persons Affected By Proposed Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-2-probable-costs\">Probable Costs to Agencies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-3-less-costly-less-intrusive-methods\">Less Costly or Less Intrusive Methods<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-4-alternative-methods\">Alternative Methods Seriously Considered<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(5) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-5-probable-costs-of-complying\">The Probable Costs of Complying with the Proposed Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(6) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-6-costs-of-not-adopting\">Costs of Not Adopting the Proposed Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(7) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-7-differences-from-federal-regulations\">Differences From Federal Regulations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(8) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-8-cumulative-effect\">Cumulative Effect With Federal and State Regulations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(9) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-9-performance-based-rules\">Performance-Based Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(10) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-10-additional-notification\">Additional Notification<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(11) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-11-fiscal-impact-on-local-government\">Fiscal Impact on Local Government<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.2(12) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-2-12-mailing-to-the-legislative-reference-library\">Mailing to the Legislative Reference Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>17.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-3-agency-apecific-information\">Agency-Specific Information to be Included in the Statement of Need and Reasonableness<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>17.3.3(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-3-1-effect-of-pca-rules\">The Effect of Pollution Control Agency Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.3(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-3-2-rules-that-affect-farming\">Rules that Affect Farming Operations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>17.3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-4-other-required-documentation\">Other Required Documentation<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>17.3.4(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-4-1-cost-of-complying\">Cost of Complying Exceeds $25,000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.4(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-4-2-local-ordinance-implementation\">Local Ordinance Implementation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>17.3.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-5-other-considerations\">Other Considerations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>17.3.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#17-3-6-fees\">Fees<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>17.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-17-the-initial-stages-of-the-rulemaking-process\/#review-of-rules-by-the-governor\">Review of Rules by the Governor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 18. Drafting Rules and the Revisor of Statutes<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Steven Cross<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#marinac\">Paul M. Marinac<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#kuenle\">Jason Kuenle<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>18.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-18-drafting-rules-and-the-revisor-of-statutes\/#creation\">Creation of the Office of the Revisor of Statutes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>18.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-18-drafting-rules-and-the-revisor-of-statutes\/#revisors-rule-drafting-process\">The Revisor\u2019s Rule Drafting Process<\/a><\/li>\n<li>18.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-18-drafting-rules-and-the-revisor-of-statutes\/#approval-of-form\">Approval of Form<\/a><\/li>\n<li>18.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-18-drafting-rules-and-the-revisor-of-statutes\/#editing\">Editing, Compiling, Publishing, and Preserving<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 19. Rulemaking without a Hearing<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Daniel McInerney<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#berger\">Kathryn Berger<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2026 by <a href=\"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#scheffer\">Beth Scheffer<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>19.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>19.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#adopting-rules-without-a-hearing\">Adopting Rules without a Hearing: A General Comment<\/a><\/li>\n<li>19.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#proposal-comment-negotiation\">Proposal, Comment, and Negotiation<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>19.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#19-3-1-notice-and-comment\">Notice and Comment<\/a><\/li>\n<li>19.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#19-3-2-negotiation\">Negotiation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>19.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#19-3-3-dual-notice-rulemaking\">Dual Notice Rulemaking<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>19.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#rule-adoption\">Rule Adoption; Review and Approval by the Office of Administrative Hearings, Revisor of Statutes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>19.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-19-rulemaking-without-a-hearing\/#effective-date\">Effective Date<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 20. Rulemaking with a Hearing<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: Lee Sheehy and Thomas Barrett<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#forsythe\">Kerstin Forsythe Hahn<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2025 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#lewenstein\">Ian Lewenstein<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>20.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing#introduction\">Introduction<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>20.1.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing#20-1-1-adopting-a-rule-with-hearing\">What Distinguishes Adopting a Rule with a Hearing?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.1.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing#20-1-2-how-do-agencies-gather-public-feedback\">How Do Agencies Gather Public Feedback before a Hearing?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.1.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing#20-1-3-when-else-must-an-agency-hold-a-hearing\">When Else Must an Aency Hold a Hearing?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>20.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#rulemaking-with-a-hearing\">Initiating Rulemaking with a Hearing<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>20.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-2-1-rulemaking-with-a-hearing-initiated-by-agency\">Rulemaking with a Hearing Initiated by an Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-2-2-triggering-rulemaking-hearing-by-request\">Triggering Rulemaking Hearing by Request of 25 Persons<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>20.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#rulemaking-hearing-before-an-alj\">Procedures for a Rulemaking Hearing before an Administrative Law Judge<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>20.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-3-1-appointing-alj\">Appointing Administrative Law Judge and Filing Jurisdictional Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-3-2-publication-and-other-notice\">Publication and Other Notice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>20.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#nature-of-the-hearing\">Nature of the Hearing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#participants\">Participants<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>20.5.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-5-1-the-agency\">The Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.5.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-5-2-the-administrative-law-judge\">The Administrative Law Judge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.5.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-5-3-interested-persons\">Interested Persons<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>20.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#hearing-procedure\">Hearing Procedure and Questioning Witnesses and Participants<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#the-rulemaking-record\">The Rulemaking Record and Ex Parte Communications<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#posthearing-procedures\">Posthearing Procedures<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>20.8.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-8-1-posthearing-comments\">Posthearing Comments<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.8.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-8-2-judges-reviews\">Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Report and Chief Administrative Law Judge&#8217;s Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.8.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-8-3-agency-finding\">Agency Findings and Adopting the Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.8.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-8-4-postadoption-procedures\">Postadoption Procedures to Make a Rule Effective<\/a><\/li>\n<li>20.8.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-20-rulemaking-with-a-hearing\/#20-8-5-custody-of-the-rulemaking-record\">Custody of the Rulemaking Record<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 21. Exempt and Expedited Rules<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Stephen Swanson<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#pope\">Jodi Pope<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>21.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#exempt-rules-introduction\">Exempt Rules: Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#authority-to-adopt-exempt-rules\">Authority to Adopt Exempt Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#procedure-for-adoption\">Procedure for Adoption of Exempt Rules<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>21.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-1-introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-2-approval-of-form\">Approval of Form by Revisor of Statutes<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subSubChapter\">\n<li>21.3.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-2-1-notice-and-Comment-procedure\">Notice and Comment Procedure for Rulemaking under the Good Cause Exemption<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>21.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-3-submission-of-exempt-rule-to-oah\">Submission of Exempt Rule to the Office of Administrative Hearings<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.3.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-4-review-by-oah\">Review by Office of Administrative Hearings<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.3.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-5-agency-action-following-disapproval\">Agency Action Following Disapproval<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.3.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#21-3-6-filing-and-publication\">Filing and Publication of Approved Exempt Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>21.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#effective-date-of-exempt-rules\">Effective Date of Exempt Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#effective-period-of-exempt-rules\">Effective Period of Exempt Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#expedited-rules\">Expedited Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#judicial-review\">Judicial Review of Exempt and Expedited Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>21.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-21-exempt-and-expedited-rules\/#repeal-of-obsolete-rules\">Repeal of Obsolete Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 22. Need and Reasonableness and Substantial Difference<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Authors: George Beck and Tom Muck<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#winget\">Patricia Winget<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>22.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>22.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#nature-of-the-factual-presentation\">Nature of the Factual Presentation in Support of Need and Reasonableness<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>22.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#22-2-1-demonstrating-reasonableness\">Demonstrating the Reasonableness of a Proposed Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li>22.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#22-2-2-demonstrating-need\">Demonstrating the Need for a Proposed Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>22.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#substantial-difference\">Substantial Difference<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>22.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference#22-3-1-review-process\">Review Process<\/a><\/li>\n<li>22.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#22-3-2-criteria-for-review\">Criteria for Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>22.3.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-22-need-and-reasonableness-and-substantial-difference\/#22-3-3-adopting-substantially-different-rule\">Adopting a Substantially Different Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 23. Review of Rules for Legality<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Stephen Swanson<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#ahern\">Mike Ahern<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2023 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#ahern\">Mike Ahern<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#norton\">Mike Norton<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>23.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#statutory-authority\">Statutory Authority<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>23.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#23-2-1-statutory-authority-and-types-of-rules\">Statutory Authority and Types of Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#23-2-2-legislative-rules\">Legislative Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#23-2-3-procedural-rules\">Procedural Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.2.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#23-2-4-interpretative-rules\">Interpretative Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>23.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#procedural-requirements\">Procedural Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#unbridled-discretion\">Unbridled Discretion<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#delegation-of-agency-powers\">Delegation of Agency Powers<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#retroactivity\">Retroactivity<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#reasonableness\">Reasonableness<\/a><\/li>\n<li>23.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-23-review-of-rules-for-legality\/#constitutional-issues\">Constitutional Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 24. Judicial Review of Rules<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: John Simonett<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#crone\">Kari Thoe Crone<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#lewenstein\">Ian Lewenstein<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>24.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#challenging-rule-validity\">Challenging a Rule\u2019s Validity<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#bringing-preenforcement-challenge\">Bringing a Pre-enforcement Challenge<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.2.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-2-1-time-limit\">Time limit to Bring Challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.2.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-2-2-filing-petition\">Filing Petition with the Court<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.2.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-2-3-what-can-be-challenged\">What Can Be Challenged<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>24.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#standing\">Standing Needed to Challenge Rule<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.3.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-3-1-when-sufficient\">When Sufficient<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.3.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-3-2-when-insufficient\">When Insufficient<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>24.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#parties-to-a-preenforcement-challenge\">Parties to a Preenforcement Challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.5 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#petition-requirements\">Petition Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.6 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#record-for-judicial-review\">The Record for Judicial Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.7 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#discovery-procedures\">Discovery Procedures<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#grounds-for-judicial-review\">Grounds for Judicial Review<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.8.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-1-constitutional violations\">Constitutional Violations<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.8.1(1) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-1-1-unlawful-delegation-of-powers\">Unlawful-delegation-of-powers clause<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8.1(2) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-1-2-commerce-clause-violations\">Commerce-Clause Violations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8.1(3) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-1-3-equal-protection-due-process\">Equal-protection and Due-process Violations<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8.1(4) <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-1-4-property-violations\">Property Violations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>24.8.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-2-what-constitutes-reasonableness\">What Constitutes <em>Reasonableness<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-3-nonconstitutional-challenges\">Nonconstitutional Challenges<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.8.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-8-4-noncompliance\">Noncompliance with Statutory Rulemaking Procedures<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>24.9 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#scope-of-review\">Scope of Review<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.9.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-9-1-abritrary-and-capricious-standard\">Arbitrary-and-Capricious Standard<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.9.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-9-2-presumption of correctness\">Presumption of Correctness<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.9.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-9-3-determining-rules-validity\">Determining a Rule\u2019s Validity<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.9.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-9-4-remanding-rule\">Remanding Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>24.10 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#review-by-minn-supreme-court\">Review by the Minnesota Supreme Court<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.11 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#collateral-attacks-on-rules\">Collateral Attack on Rules<\/a>\n<ul class=\"subChapter\">\n<li>24.11.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-11-1-challenging\">Challenging under an Enforcement Action or Contested Case<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.11.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-11-2-records\">Record<\/a><\/li>\n<li>24.11.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-24-judicial-review-of-rules\/#24-11-3-other-considerations\">Other Considerations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"contents-chapter\">Chapter 25. Legislative Review of Administrative Rules<\/h3>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Original Author: Kathleen Burek<\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in December 2014 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#shepard\">Mark Shepard<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"contents-author\">Revised in March 2022 by <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/about-the-editors\/#gehring\">Matt Gehring<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tableContents\">\n<li>25.1 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-25-legislative-review-of-administrative-rules\/#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>25.2 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-25-legislative-review-of-administrative-rules\/#lcrar-history\">LCRAR History<\/a><\/li>\n<li>25.3 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-25-legislative-review-of-administrative-rules\/#lcc-and-policy-committee\">LCC and Policy Committee Authority<\/a><\/li>\n<li>25.4 <a href=\"\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/chapter-25-legislative-review-of-administrative-rules\/#constitutionality-of-suspension\">Constitutionality of Suspension of Rules<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Part I Introduction to Administrative Procedure Chapter 1. The Development of Administrative Procedure Original Authors: Larry Bakken and Thomas Triplett Revised in 2014 by Mark Shepard Revised in March 2022 by Matt Gehring 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Origins of the Minnesota Administrative Procedure Act (APA) 1.3 Perceived Inadequacies in the Administrative Procedure Act 1.4 The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-2994","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"acf":[],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2994"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3611,"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2994\/revisions\/3611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitchellhamline.edu\/minnesota-administrative-procedure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}